Abstract :Journal of Personalized Medicine has recently reported a concept of Precision Health Economics and Outcomes Research (HEOR) [1]. This concept is bringing traditional HEOR to a more precise level yet not altering the health sector decision contexts in which precision HEOR will play a supporting role, namely, 1) intervention development, 2) health technology assessment (HTA), 3) clinical guideline development, 4) patient-physician shared decision making, and 5) reimbursement decision making. While the applications of 2-5 are activities post launch of a drug, in the pre-launch stage precision HEOR also plays a role to increase the efficiency of drug development that traditional HEOR is ever able to.